Hide parts of the post content after typing it’s name or searching it by category

If you want to apply the same logic to the category archives and the search results as in that question you reference, the following should do it.

// modified code from http://wordpress.stackexchange.com/a/97589/21376
function hide_on_home_page_wpse_97587($atts,$content) {
  if (!is_home()
      && !is_category()
      && !is_search()
  ) {
    return $content;
  }
}
add_shortcode('nohome','hide_on_home_page_wpse_97587');