how to loop through blog posts in php

$args = array(
    'posts_per_page'   => -1,
    'post_type'        => 'post',
);
$the_query = new WP_Query( $args );

If you set the posts_per_page to -1 it will return all posts.
Then you can loop through and do what you want with the single post.

while ( $the_query->have_posts() ) {
     echo get_the_author_meta( );//I have NOT used this so you should look into it.
}

Theses links will help you understand the attributes on the_post.
https://codex.wordpress.org/Class_Reference/WP_Post
https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/get_permalink/