I’d suggest looking at a couple of plugins to help out since you’re just starting out.
Advanced Custom Fields will allow you to add the metadata to your current posts. Once you’ve added the custom fields, set it to display your Field box only on posts in the “hiking” category, for instance. You’ll need to edit your theme to display the fields on single.php.
The searching/filtering is more challenging, but the Relevanssi plugin is a good start. You should also look through this post for alternate suggestions if you’re having trouble getting it working: Advanced search form with filters for custom taxonomies and custom fields
Best of luck!
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