Blocks. How to store default settings?

As Tom mentioned, you can use Templates, which allows you to define a preset of blocks that are available by default in your post whenever you try to create a new post: https://developer.wordpress.org/block-editor/developers/block-api/block-templates/

If you aren’t ready to get your hands dirty with code, you can also use Justin Tadlock’s Block Pattern Builder plugin to create and re-use block patterns across your site: http://wordpress.org/plugins/block-pattern-builder

Hope it helps!