Can I get the post id when trying to make a new post using xmlrpc?

This isn’t possible. The post id is only created during post creation in the database; if you see the post id in the admin editing screen before you hit ‘publish’ or ‘save as draft’ then an autosave created the record for you.

If you ‘fake’ getting the next post id (such as fetching the highest id number from the database and then adding one), there’s a risk of a conflict or a race condition – if any other record is created in between your fetch of the next ID and your creation of a database row, then your id will be invalid and incorrect, or will fail to save.

You need to save your post, then edit the post after saving to add the post id in the place you need it.