Change product_base programmatically

Use your plugin activation hook to make the change. That will only run once, when your plugin is first activated, allowing the user to overwrite that change later (if they want to).

register_activation_hook( __FILE__, function () {
    if ( $permalinks = get_option( 'woocommerce_permalinks' ) ) {
        $permalinks['product_base'] = 'property';
        update_option( 'woocommerce_permalinks', $permalinks );
        flush_rewrite_rules();
    }
});

If you want to always force the permalink settings, use the underlying WordPress hook pre_update_option_$option_name:

function wpse_406568_woocommerce_permalinks( $permalinks ) {
    $permalinks['product_base'] = 'property';

    return $permalinks;
}

add_filter( 'pre_update_option_woocommerce_permalinks', 'wpse_406568_woocommerce_permalinks' );

…that will always override whatever setting the user used for product base when saving their WC permalink settings.