Conditional Homepage for logged in user

What do you consider to be the home page?

Do you want to change what is answering on the / url on your website?

If so, I think that you can use the init hook and use wp_redirect() function to send your user wherever you want based on the result of wp_get_current_user() result.

Something like that.

add_action('init', function () {
    if ($user = wp_get_current_user()) {
        if (in_array('my-custom-role', $user->roles)) {
            wp_redirect('/my-custom-url');
        }
    }
});