Here is how I ended up solving it, with some thanks to Samuel for pointing at tax_query, although that was only part of the picture. I needed to create a loop, and I did it like so:
$ones = get_terms( array(
'taxonomy' => 'ONE',
'hide_empty' => false,
'fields' => 'id=>slug'
) );
$fruits = get_terms( array(
'taxonomy' => 'FRUIT',
'hide_empty' => false,
'fields' => 'id=>slug'
) );
foreach ($fruits as $fruit) {
foreach ($ones as $one) {
$args = array(
'post_type' => 'my-post-type',
'post_status'=>'publish',
'tax_query' => array(
'relation' => 'AND',
array(
'taxonomy' => 'ONE',
'field' => 'slug',
'terms' => array( $one ),
),
array(
'taxonomy' => 'FRUIT',
'field' => 'slug',
'terms' => array( $fruit ),
),
),
);
$query = new WP_Query( $args );
echo $fruit .": " . $one . ": " . $query->post_count . "<br>";
}
}