Creating a modal dialog without jQuery

The WordPress admin area uses Thickbox, which is still a jQuery plugin (jQuery is used all over the admin area). You need to enqueue the script and style (add_thickbox() does this for you), and then all links that have class thickbox will be converted. You need to add some URL parameters too, for example the image upload link looks like this: media-upload.php?post_id=735&type=image&TB_iframe=1&width=640&height=285. post_id and type are WordPress-specific, but TB_iframe, width and height are needed for Thickbox, and you should use them in your own links too.