Just in WordPress 4.9 there’s this bug: https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/42573 causing the template files to only be rescanned once every hour.
To fix (until they release a new WP version with this changed), download the patch on that bug ticket and make the changes from the patch to wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php.
Hope this saves someone the 2 hours I wasted on this..