Error while setting role

You have to use just $current_role variable instead of $current_role[0], because call get_user_meta( $author->ID, 'wp_capabilities' ); will return you array with roles as keys.

<?php

  add_action( 'save_post', 'update_roles' );
    function update_roles( $post_id ) {

        if ( defined( 'DOING_AUTOSAVE' ) && DOING_AUTOSAVE )
            return $post_id;

        // Get the author
        $author = wp_get_current_user();

        // Set variables for current user information
        $count = count_user_posts( $author->ID );
        $current_role = (array) get_user_meta( $author->ID, 'wp_capabilities' );

        get_currentuserinfo(); 
        global $user_level;

        // Do the checks to see if they have the roles and if not update them.
        if ( ($user_level != 10) && ( $count > 3 && $count <= 5 ) && ( array_key_exists( 'contributor', $current_role ) ) ) {
            $user_id_role = new WP_User( $author->ID );
            $user_id_role->set_role( 'author' );

        } elseif ( ($user_level != 10) && ( $count > 5 && $count <= 9 ) && ( array_key_exists( 'author', $current_role ) ) ) {

            $user_id_role = new WP_User( $author->ID );
            $user_id_role->set_role( 'editor' );

        } elseif ($user_level != 10){

            $user_id_role = new WP_User( $author->ID );
            $user_id_role->set_role( 'contributor' );

        } return $post_id;

    }

?>

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