get_users when from meta key that has serialized values

I’m assuming that the meta_value has a serialized array, not the meta_key (For it would make no sense to have the meta_key to be a serialized array)

You really should save the values in seperate fields to be able to query it by wordpress internal functions like get_users.

If you definitely have to preserve this data-structure, you have to go by directly accessing the Database by wpdb like this:

global $wpdb;
$claimed_user_ids = $wpdb->get_col($wpdb->prepare("SELECT DISTINCT user_id FROM $wpdb->usermeta WHERE meta_key = %s AND meta_value LIKE %s",'<META_KEY>','%username%'));

(replace with the meta_key which holds the serialized array).

Happy Coding, Kuchenundkakao