It seems that finding your internal links is as simple as searching your site using the build in WP search widget! You just paste the link you are searching for and WP will show you all post or pages containing the link (no matter what anchor you used).
I didn’t know the default search function was that powerful. Jacob Peattie already commented on my question about searching, but it was not obvious he was referring to the build-in search widget.
If you don’t have the search widget installed you can do the search directly on the url address bar by pasting:
domaintosearch.com/?s=yoursearchterms
If you search for links be sure to paste them in the correct format, for example if you search for http://example.com you should paste:
domaintosearch.com/?s=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.example.com
There is also a code you can use to perform the search:
<?php
$query = new WP_Query( 's=keyword' );
if ($query->have_posts()){
while ( $query->have_posts() ) { $query->the_post();
the_title();
} //end while
}