Get current user array with post string

Question

Your code has a lot of errors. For example, inside you should define the global $current_user, not outside. Other error, you use $query_vals variable outside the function where that variable is not defined. Anyway, I would use the function wp_get_current_user() which have not to be called before init action hook.

For example, if you are going to use the POST string as data for javascript:

add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'wpse_scripts' );

function wpse_scripts() {

      $user_fields = wpse_get_current_user_info();
      $postdata = http_build_query( $user_fields );

      wp_localize_script( 'my_script', 'my_script_data', $postdata );

}

function wpse_get_current_user_info() {
      $current_user = wp_get_current_user();
      $current_user_info = array(
                    'firstname' => $current_user->user_firstname,
                    'lastname'  => $current_user->user_lastname,
                    //Add the rest of info you need
                    //In the forman key => value
                   );
      return $current_user_info;
}

In order to help you in a more specific way you should tell us where are you going to use the POST string and the context.

Basic example to send the user data to a server using WP HTTP API (Call wpse_send_user_data when you need to get the response body after sending the user data to the third party service):

function wpse_send_user_data() {

      //You should check here if the request should be done
      //if( $some_control == true ) return;

      $uerdata = wpse_get_current_user_info();

      $args = array( 'method' => 'POST', 'body' => $uerdata );
      $request = wp_remote_request( 'http://www.example.com', $args )

      $response = wp_remote_retrieve_body($request);

      return $response;

}

function wpse_get_current_user_info() {
      $current_user = wp_get_current_user();
      $current_user_info = array(
                    'firstname' => $current_user->user_firstname,
                    'lastname'  => $current_user->user_lastname,
                    //Add the rest of info you need
                    //In the forman key => value
                   );
      return $current_user_info;
}

I prefer use WP HTTP API but if you want to use cURL:

function wpse_send_user_data() {

    $ch = curl_init();

    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL,"http://www.example.com/");
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);

    // Get userinfo array and set as POST fields
    $uerdata = wpse_get_current_user_info();
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, http_build_query( $uerdata ));

    // receive server response ...
    curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

    $server_output = curl_exec ($ch);

    curl_close ($ch);

    // further processing ....
    if ($server_output == "OK") { ... } else { ... }

}

function wpse_get_current_user_info() {
      $current_user = wp_get_current_user();
      $current_user_info = array(
                    'firstname' => $current_user->user_firstname,
                    'lastname'  => $current_user->user_lastname,
                    //Add the rest of info you need
                    //In the forman key => value
                   );
      return $current_user_info;
}

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