Get log of function/method calls made by do_action() on WordPress initialization

I don’t believe there is a way to do this via a plugin (at least in a way that will get around 500 type errors, which is why I originally looked into this), but the section of code where the hook callback gets called is in wp-includes/plugin.php in the do_action function:

https://github.com/WordPress/WordPress/blob/master/wp-includes/plugin.php#L453

This got updated in WP 4.7 a bit, but if you edit around this line temporarily, you can do some debugging. Change:

$wp_filter[ $tag ]->do_action( $args );

To

if($tag == "init") echo "Calling " . $args[0] . ".<br />";
$wp_filter[ $tag ]->do_action( $args );

And this should echo some info to help you know what callbacks are being called.