Get post format and use it as a CSS class in different spans

Every post has a maximum of one format and one status. To echo the format you need:

if (get_post_format($post->ID))
    echo '<span class="format-' . get_post_format($post->ID); . '"></span>';

To echo the status you need this:

if (get_post_status($post->ID))
    echo '<span class="status-' . get_post_status($post->ID); . '"></span>';

Hopefully this is what you need.