Just Went over your code and it looks fine but you are missing the code blocks for your foreach loops so:
add_action('wp_dashboard_setup', 'dashboard_test');
function dashboard_test() {
global $wp_meta_boxes;
wp_add_dashboard_widget('month_dashboard', 'Reports Submitted for the Year', 'custom_test');
}
function custom_test(){
global $wpdb;
$years = $wpdb->get_col("SELECT DISTINCT YEAR(post_date) FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE post_status="publish" AND post_type="report" ORDER BY post_date DESC");
foreach($years as $year){
$months = $wpdb->get_col("SELECT DISTINCT MONTH(post_date) FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE post_status="publish" AND post_type="report" AND YEAR(post_date) = '".$year."' ORDER BY post_date DESC");
foreach($months as $month) {
$month = ($month < 10)? '0' . $month : $month;
$theids = $wpdb->get_results("SELECT ID, post_title FROM $wpdb->posts WHERE post_status="publish" AND post_type="report" AND MONTH(post_date)= '".$month."' AND YEAR(post_date) = '".$year."' ORDER BY post_date ASC");
echo '<h4>';
echo '<li><a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/report/".$year."https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/".$month.'">' . date( 'F', mktime(0, 0, 0, $month) ). ' (' . count($theids) . ')</a></li>' ;
echo '</h4>';
}
}
}
and it works just fine:
