Just put some conditionals where you render your button. You’ll also need to figure out which page you’re on.
if($is_single_product_page) {
if( ! is_user_logged_in()) { ?>
<div class="message">Please log in first</div>
<?php } else { // end is_user_logged_in/false
?>
<button class="btn">add to cart</button>
<?php } // end is_user_logged_in/true
}