After some additional searching I was able to come across a function to generate the attachment ID here: http://pippinsplugins.com/retrieve-attachment-id-from-image-url/:
// retrieves the attachment ID from the file URL
function pippin_get_image_id($image_url) {
global $wpdb;
$prefix = $wpdb->prefix;
$attachment = $wpdb->get_col($wpdb->prepare("SELECT ID FROM " . $prefix . "posts" . " WHERE guid='" . $image_url . "';"));
return $attachment[0];
}
and
$image_url="{my image url variable}";
$image_id = pippin_get_image_id($image_url);
Then I was able to combine it with another WordPress Answers thread here: Get the post attached to a image attachment:
$parent = get_post_field( 'post_parent', $image_id);
$link = get_permalink($parent);
Then added:
$my_post_title = get_the_title($parent);
Then output using:
<a href="'. $link .'">'.$my_post_title.'</a>
Hopefully that makes sense to other people, but I was surprised that I was able to get it all figured out being the novice that I