How to disable a wp filter in a certain admin panel page

This should work, I guess:

function my_init() {
    global $pagenow;
    if ( is_admin() && $pagenow != 'edit-tags.php' ) {
        add_filter( 'image_send_to_editor', 'html5_insert_image', 10, 9 );
    }
}
add_action('init', 'my_init');

There is also get_current_screen function, which will be perfect here, but… You can use it after admin_init hook, and your image_send_to_editor is called earlier, I guess.