How to: Retrieve an attachment image from post and output it

I would use wp_get_attachment_image() (Codex ref), which returns a fully-formed HTML IMG tag:

<?php 
wp_get_attachment_image( $attachment_id, $size, $icon ); 
?>

I assume you already know how to get the attachment image ID?

The default image size is thumbnail, but you can pass any standard image size (e.g. full, large, medium), or any custom image size added via add_image_size().