Insert Latest Articles in Homepage

Edit the home page template and add the following code :

<h2>Recent Posts</h2>
<ul>
<?php
    $args = array( 'numberposts' => '1' );
    $recent_posts = wp_get_recent_posts( $args );
    foreach( $recent_posts as $recent ){
        echo '<li><a href="' . get_permalink($recent["ID"]) . '">' .   $recent["post_title"].'</a> </li> ';
    }
?>
</ul>

I have used <UL> and <li> to list post…. You can use your own html & css to style.

You can use different wordpress functions, One I have used is get_permalink() to get the post URL, similarly you can use get_the_post_thumbnail() to get the featured image of the post.