Is it possible to populate my wordpress site with many random posts for testing purposes?

As I can see you are using Kubernetes. There are few routes you could go.

  1. REST API: Write a light script (nodejs or php) that creates fake data and sends to rest route to create posts. You can then use cron hit rest route for creating posts.

  2. Plugin: Check Fakerpress plugin, I haven’t used it but it looks like something you can use.