Is there a way to see the execution tree of systemd?

systemd-analyze is your friend.
For example systemd-analyze critical-chain outputs blocking tree of daemons.
Mine for example:

graphical.target @20.211s
└─multi-user.target @20.211s
  └─nginx.service @19.348s +862ms
    └─network.target @19.347s
      └─NetworkManager.service @10.315s +9.031s
        └─basic.target @10.312s
          └─timers.target @10.311s
            └─systemd-tmpfiles-clean.timer @10.311s
              └─sysinit.target @10.295s
                └─systemd-update-utmp.service @10.167s +127ms
                  └─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @10.124s +41ms
                    └─local-fs.target @10.097s
                      └─home-entd-Downloads.mount @10.093s +2ms
                        └─home.mount @9.326s +672ms
                          └─[email protected] @8.472s +696ms
                            └─dev-sda6.device @8.471s

NetworkManager in example basically holding entire bootup.

If you want to have more detailed view you can render entire execution chain in a svg file.
systemd-analyze plot > something.svg outputs entire chain (120+ modules) as progress bars to high-res svg file which show states, that are blocked and another problems.

Finally you have systemd-analyze dot tool which outputs dot file which outputs entire hierarchy:
systemd-analyze dot | dot -Tpng -o stuff.png
with dot tool you can output it as ps and svg files too.

All of above tools are built-in in systemd-analyze tool which comes by default with systemd in archlinux at least. I think there is some 3rd party projects dealing with it too.

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