Permalinks changed with WordPress 4.9

Found the issue! Seems that the <Directory> in the .conf file in Apache2 was not configured correctly.

An example of a correctly configured .conf file is as follows:

# domain: exampleurl.com
# public: /var/www/html/exampleurl.com/public_html/

<Directory /var/www/html/exampleurl.com/public_html>
Require all granted
AllowOverride All
</Directory>

<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerAdmin [email protected]
ServerName  exampleurl.com
ServerAlias www.exampleurl.com

DocumentRoot /var/www/html/exampleurl.com/public_html

ErrorLog  /var/www/html/exampleurl.com/logs/error.log
CustomLog /var/www/html/exampleurl.com/logs/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Including AllowOverride All seems to fix the permalink issue.

Remember to run service apache2 reload in Terminal once you overwrite your .conf file.