Plugin Development: Storing and Manipulating Data That Fits JSON in Database

Just a pointer in the right direction:

You’ll want a Custom Post Type bread.

Then you’ll need a Custom Taxonomy for this CPT.

The rest will probably be post meta.

If the ingredients are just used like tags without a lot of data themselves you can make them a Custom Taxonomy as well. If they have separate URLs and content you’ll probably want to implement them as CPTs and reference them via the IDs in post meta of the bread CPT.

When you create those CPTs and Taxonomies you can create them as public=false. That way they do not have their own URLs, but can be used to manage the data in the backend.
Then you can use custom queries to build the JSON just the way you need it. Either the old fashioned way or using the REST API or just by outputting it inline in the page the angular app runs.

So basically you’re only using WordPress to handle the Backend UI and then just build a JSON the way you need it for frontend.