Precedence of page permalinks over woocommerce product category links?

In general page URL are “last resort” match when nothing else fully matches the URL. This means that you can have something like example.com/category/cat1 be a URL of a category and example.com/category/cat1/page1 be a URL of a page. For the last to work you obviously need a grandpa page with slug “category” and a father page with slug “cat1”.

It is not actually surprising when you understand that there have to be hierarchy of URL parsing that will at least resolve which rule “wins” when 2 rules match the URL, but usually it is a sign of bad URL design, or at least I haven’t seen yet anyone that uses it in real life as the results are confusing.