Search Console detects Category Pagination data as Duplicate Meta Description

The option I would use is to add noindex to all pages except the first one.

If you are using an SEO plugin this should be an option.

Otherwise, something like this might work if used in a hook:

$paged = get_query_var( 'paged' );

if( $paged >= 2 )
  echo '<meta name="robots" content="noindex">';