You need to call a JavaScript function when the button is clicked. It should be stored directly in the .php template and it should look like this:
function SubmitData() {
var email = <?php echo get_the_author_meta('email'); ?>;
$.post("submit.php", { email: email }
}
Then you need to create a PHP script, it could be stored in submit.php file (as seen above in your JavaScript):
<?php
$from = "[email protected]";
$to = $_POST['email']; // this is the author's email
$subject = "Your subject";
$message = "Your message (it can contain HTML as well)";
$headers = "MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n";
$headers .= "Content-type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n";
$headers .= "From:" . $from;
mail($to,$subject,$message, $headers);
?>
You can pass other variables (e.g. subject or the message contents) the same way as the email address.
I hope this helps, let me know if it worked for you.