Show hyperlinks only when user is loggedin

you can use the_content filter hook to replace the hyperlink with login url.
following snippet should do the trick.

Update: this function should check if the user is logged in or not (my bad i forgot to add that)

add_action( "the_content", "restrict_url_in_post_content" );
function restrict_url_in_post_content() {
    $loginUrl = sprintf( '<a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/251965/%s" class="some-class">%s</a>', wp_login_url( get_the_permalink() ), __( "You need to login to view this link", "text_domain" ) );
    if( ! is_user_logged_in() )
        $the_content = preg_replace( "/<a[^>]*>([^<]+)<\/a>/", $loginUrl, $the_content );
    return $the_content;
}

Update:

Use following shortcode to have same effect on specific content.

Uses: [restricted]<a href="#">url</a>[/restricted]

function restricted_content( $atts , $content = null ) {
    $atts = shortcode_atts(
        array(
            'show_login'      => '1',
            'message'         => __( "You need to login to view this", "text_domain" ),
            'login_redirect'  => get_the_permalink(),
        ),
        $atts,
        'restricted'
    );
    $loginUrl = sprintf( '<a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/251965/%s" class="some-class">%s</a>', wp_login_url( $atts["login_redirect"] ), $atts["message"] );
    if( is_user_logged_in() ) {
        return $content;
    } else if( $atts["show_login"] == 1 ) {
        return $loginUrl;
    } else {
        return $atts["message"];
    }
}
add_shortcode( 'restricted', 'restricted_content' );