what is the purpose of the namespace argument when customizing blocks?

So what is the purpose of the namespace argument when calling the
addFilter function? I am failing to find an explanation for the
purpose of this argument.

The core ticket for adding Javascript actions and filters is #21170

It spans many years and contains a lot of discussions about e.g. namespacing.

See e.g. this comment by @azaozz:

Also thinking the namespaces/identifiers should be required as that
would make removing anonymous functions easy. As far as I see the most
common use of this would be with anonymous functions

and then it gets implemented e.g. here by @adamsilverstein and then with more iterations.

Here’s another description by Igor Benić:

That difference is the namespace which you also add when adding
actions and filters (or removing them). This is done in case you have
same function names under different components (or Apps). With using
namespaces you can easily distinguish to which component or app it
belongs so you don’t accidentaly remove the wrong function.

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