Accessing Variables Used In a Plugin Using PHPStorm + XDebug

My current understanding is that the problem was caused by the fact that my project only encompassed a plugin directory while the page I was debugging was generated by many php files outside the project directory.

The fix took just two changes to PHPStorm preferences:

  1. Go to PHPStorm > Preferences > Project Settings > PHP > Debug and disable Force break at the first line when no path mapping specified.
  2. Go to PHPStorm > Preferences > Project Settings > PHP > Servers and disable Use path mappings (select if the server is remote or symlinks are used.

With those two changes, it all seems to be working perfectly fine.