ACF repeater field with meta_query

I don’t think it’s possible. ACF stores repeater data in separate postmeta fields – one database row for every field in the repeater – so you would have to query multiple fields, and unless you always have the same number of repeater fields, you wouldn’t even know how many to query.

It sounds like you would be better off structuring your data a little more heavily by making custom taxonomies. Taxonomy queries are also much, much faster than meta queries, so performance will be much better.