Admin table list API?

Yes, in version 3.1 WP_List_Table class was introduced and admin started to move to using it.

As of 3.2.x it currently is not officially declared to be stable API to be used by developers, but in practice it is usually more viable approach than building tables from scratch anyway.

On admin loops – admin side is not the easiest part of WP. It might be easier to retrieve itmes how you find convenient in your class extending WP_List_Table then trying to replicate admin mechanics precisely.