Display all images from specific CPT

You are on the right track here, but it is a bit bumpy

Firstly, caller_get_posts is depreciated, that has been replaced with ignore_sticky_posts

Secondly, you should use wp_reset_postdata not wp_reset_query. The latter is used in conjuction with query_posts which should never be used.

Thirdly, your call to images should be inside your loop, not outside.

Ok, that cleared, you should run two loop here if you need other posts after the this first query. You should have a look WP_Query on running multiple loops. But that all depends on what you need to achieve. Just one note, the codex page on multiple loops uses query_posts which you must not use. Stick with WP_Query

To come back to your loop for above, it should look something like this

$args=array(
    'post_type' => 'band_member',
    'post_status' => 'publish',
    'posts_per_page' => -1,
    'ignore_sticky_posts'=> 1 
  );

  $my_query = null;
  $my_query = new WP_Query($args);

       if( $my_query->have_posts() ) {

       while ($my_query->have_posts()) :  $my_query->the_post();

      <-----get your images----->

 <?php
     endwhile;
  }

  wp_reset_query();  // Restore global post data stomped by the_post().

EDIT

As you are a newbie, here is a great tip. When you develop a theme/plugin, or simply just add code to your theme, always set debug to true in wp-config.php. This will immediatly print errors to your screen if there are any. Just remember, never leave debug on true on a live site. Set to false immediatly after your done.

For further reading: Debugging WordPress

EDIT 2

Having a look at the code you posted now, you can do that in one one loop. You should use rewind_posts() here

<?php
$args=array(
  'post_type' => 'band_member',
  'post_status' => 'publish',
  'posts_per_page' => -1,
  );

$my_query = null;
$my_query = new WP_Query($args);
echo '<div class="post-nav">'; 
if( $my_query->have_posts() ) {

  while ($my_query->have_posts()) : $my_query->the_post();

  ?>
    <a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/147484/<?php the_permalink() ?>"rel="bookmark" ><?php the_title(); ?></a> 
    <?php
  endwhile;
}
echo '</div><!-- end post nav -->';

 $my_query->rewind_posts();

       while ($my_query->have_posts()) :  $my_query->the_post();

  ?> 

    <a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/147484/<?php the_permalink() ?>"rel="bookmark" ><?php the_post_thumbnail(); ?></a> 
   <?php
     endwhile;

?>