Get name of taxonomies of current page

The get_object_taxonomies function only returns the slugs of all registered taxonomies to that post type, so you’re almost there. You need to actually go get the taxonomy itself using get_taxonomy()

...
foreach ( $taxonomies as $taxonomy ) {
    $tax_object = get_taxonomy( $taxonomy );
    $out .= "<li'><span'>" . $tax_object->name . ": ";
    $out .= "</span>";
    ...

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