The wp.components library is intended for UI purposes, e.g. the publish button, the inserter modal, etc in the back end. They aren’t intended for frontend usage. Much in the same way you wouldn’t use WP Admin styles and HTML classes on UI intended for the frontend.
For example the core/button block makes use of a div with HTML classes rather than the <Button> component.
Of course, you might choose to use these components in your block as a part of their editing UI, but they shouldn’t be used for final output.
I expected it to render on the frontend like in the backend.
If it did appear for some reason, it’d probably appear as a completely unstyled button that did nothing when clicked. React components in the editor aren’t rendered using React on the frontend. A block gets saved as static HTML. Of course you can use your own React components to generate the output to be saved, but don’t use the WP core component library for that, it’s not what it was intended for