How can I override a require() used in functions.php of parent theme to my child theme

This is not possible, require is a PHP language construct, it’s not a WordPress function, and can’t be filtered or overriden via WordPress APIs

These are your options:

If the functionality you want to remove is implemented via actions and filters then:

  • Unhook the things you don’t want from that file
  • Add new hooks that happen after them that attempt to undo what they did

Otherwise, your only options are to:

  • Modify the parent theme
  • Fork the parent theme
  • Choose a new parent theme
  • Raise a support ticket with the authors to get it changed to support actions and filters