how does the rendering works?

Unlike many other frameworks there isn’t much “pipeline” in WordPress.

You can see the fancy illustration for the load process, but basically:

  1. URL is resolved into query variables
  2. Query runs to fetch posts and determine context
  3. Template file is determined from the context
  4. Template file is included and has complete control over output from there (mostly using template tags functions and retrieving data from global variables like main query)

So the “pipeline” in a nutshell is — whatever template spits out is your page.