How to add values to media “whitelist_options” in wp-admin/options.php template?

firstly, don’t edit core files of WordPress or your changes will be erased at the next update.

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in the file options.php look below this array declaration, you have this line :

$whitelist_options = apply_filters( 'whitelist_options', $whitelist_options );

that means that you can custom this array with this code in a plugin or the theme :

add_filter("whitelist_options", function ($whitelist_options) {

    $whitelist_options["general"][] = "siteurl";

    return $whitelist_options;

});