how to determine how many and what kind of arguments are passed to hooks

Question

When calling an action hook using

add_action('some_action_tag','callback_function',$priority,$number_of_arguments);

The callback function is called when a do_action() call is fired with the corresponding tag for example:

do_action('some_action_tag',$argument1,$argument2,$argument3....);

And when calling a filter hook using:

add_filter('some_filter_tag','callback_function',$priority,$number_of_arguments);

The callback function is called when a apply_filters() call is fired with the corresponding tag for example:

$value = apply_filters('some_filter_tag',$argument1,$argument2,$argument3...);

Now as you can see the main difference is that the action hook basically lets you run your own function at a given point,, and a filter hook lets you filter (change/alter/clean …) the value of a specific variable.

So an action “hooked” callback_function accepts arguments only if any were specified and a filter “hooked” callback_function accepts at least one argument which is the value to alter itself and more arguments only if specified.

As for you questions

How can I know whether function ‘SearchFilter’ accepts any argument or
not?

The hooked function (in this case SearchFilter) accepts whatever arguments that the hook trigger (either apply_filters() for filter hooks or do_action() for action hooks) is passing to it and the best way to know what they are is to search the code for the hook tag (e.g searchFilter) and see what they are.
However as stated above since we you are hooking it to a filter hook it will have at least one argument.

What will be that argument / what will be it’s type?
How can I determine for which action/filter there is any argument?

Same as above you can see that in the hook trigger function or by creating a test dump which would be something like this?

function test_dump($a1=null,$a2=null,$a3=null,$a4=null,$a5=null){
    if ($a1 !== null){
        echo '<pre>first argument: <br/>';
        var_dump($a);
        echo '</pre>';
    }
    if ($a2 !== null){
        echo '<pre>2nd argument: <br/>';
        var_dump($a);
        echo '</pre>';
    }
    if ($a3 !== null){
        echo '<pre>3rd argument: <br/>';
        var_dump($a);
        echo '</pre>';
    }
    if ($a4 !== null){
        echo '<pre>4th argument: <br/>';
        var_dump($a);
        echo '</pre>';
    }
    if ($a5 !== null){
        echo '<pre>5th argument: <br/>';
        var_dump($a);
        echo '</pre>';
    }
}

Should every action / filter return the passed parameter?

Action hooks doesn’t expect a return value so no, but a filter hook should return a value almost every time.

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