How to get current post id of a custom post type in a loop using template singel-{custom type}.php?

So you have two loops : the main loop and the second one using $query.

You want to compare if at some point of your second loop there’s a match between current post (inside the loop) and the processed post inside the $query loop.

Am I right ?

Instead of checking permalinks I would propose to check IDs.

So on the first loop you create a variable with the current post id :

$current_post_id = $post->ID;

and in your second loop you just compare :

if($query->have_posts()) : while ($query->have_posts()) : $query->the_post();

    if( $current_post_id === $post->ID ) {
         echo $post->ID; 
    } else {
        echo "not found";
    }

endwhile; wp_reset_postdata(); endif;

Not sure that is what you’re looking for, let us know.

PS: I should add to use a more specific name for your query, just to avoid name collision from a plugin or anything, like $my_prefix_query