How to reload a post page editor after published?

In no way I recommend to do that, as it will decrease the flexibility.
However, if you have very rarest occasion and really need what you say, then put this code in functions.php:

add_action( 'save_post', 'newpost_redirect', 99);
function newpost_redirect() {
    if ( isset($_POST['original_publish']) && "Publish"==$_POST['original_publish']){ 
        wp_redirect(admin_url('post-new.php') , 302 ); exit;
    }
}