Is there any known plugins that would replace WordPress classes in editor with their Bootstrap 4 equivalent?

I will provide an answer, because it works, but I’ll be waiting for an answer that more straightfully answer my question (about a pluging, specifically).

What I realized after posting this question is that the starter theme that uses Bootstrap I installed thinking it would force the editor to use Bootstrap classes do display the post correctly, in a Bootstrap context (basically rendering, in the example in the question, aligncenter correctly). So I went on and took its CSS, stripped unwanted classes (CSS resets for example), and applied this sheet to my article pages only.

It works !