Optional Meta Query

All of the real work here is being done by $geoDataStore->getPostIDsOfInRange. That is where the search is done and that is what isn’t returning the results you want.

WP_Query just pulls the specified post IDs. There is no reason you should have to abandon that part of the code, though you may want to add 'orderby' => 'posts__in' to preserve the order of the post IDs passed into the query.

If $geoDataStore->getPostIDsOfInRange is not returning all of the IDs you want, you will have to look into how it works.

Now, this looks like the code that your $geoDataStore class uses to make the query. There are no hooks in that you might be able to manipulate.

There are only two things I can think of doing.

1. Extend that class and replace that function so that it searches your
   meta information.
2. Or run another query to check your meta information and include the
   places outside the generated radius– something like this.

In other words…

$posts = (array) $geoDataStore->getPostIDsOfInRange('place', $radius, $lat, $long);
$posts2 = new WP_Query(array(
  // query for the others
  'fields' => 'ids',
  // other parameters
  // Much like your original meta_query but
  // I do think you need the 'OR' relationship
));
$posts = array_unique($posts + $posts2);
$args['post__in'] = $posts;
$places = new WP_Query($args);