Plotting multiple lines, in different colors, with pandas dataframe

Another simple way is to use the pandas.DataFrame.pivot function to format the data.

Use pandas.DataFrame.plot to plot. Providing the colors in the 'color' column exist in matplotlib: List of named colors, they can be passed to the color parameter.

# sample data
df = pd.DataFrame([['red', 0, 0], ['red', 1, 1], ['red', 2, 2], ['red', 3, 3], ['red', 4, 4], ['red', 5, 5], ['red', 6, 6], ['red', 7, 7], ['red', 8, 8], ['red', 9, 9], ['blue', 0, 0], ['blue', 1, 1], ['blue', 2, 4], ['blue', 3, 9], ['blue', 4, 16], ['blue', 5, 25], ['blue', 6, 36], ['blue', 7, 49], ['blue', 8, 64], ['blue', 9, 81]], columns=['color', 'x', 'y'])

# pivot the data into the correct shape
df = df.pivot(index='x', columns='color', values='y')

# display(df)
color  blue  red
x               
0         0    0
1         1    1
2         4    2
3         9    3
4        16    4
5        25    5
6        36    6
7        49    7
8        64    8
9        81    9

# plot the pivoted dataframe; if the column names aren't colors, remove color=df.columns
df.plot(color=df.columns, figsize=(5, 3))