SSL setup: wp-login css doesn’t load over httpS

Got it solved. Turns out the server was hosted behind a reversed proxy, causing WordPress not knowing it was running over https.

Once I knew this, I found the solutions in the official documentation:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Administration_Over_SSL (under “Using a Reverse Proxy”)

This was needed in my wp-config.

define('FORCE_SSL_ADMIN', true);
if ($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'] == 'https')
$_SERVER['HTTPS']='on'