Trying to get this function to show below the content

If it was me I’d not echo the text I’d make it a variable e.g. $additional_text = "" then at the end of the function return $additional_text;.

if (have_posts()) : while (have_posts()) : the_post();
    $additional_text="<div class="timeline">";
    $additional_text .=  '<a href="';
    $additional_text .= the_permalink();
    $additional_text .= '"><h3>';
    $additional_text .= the_title(); 
    $additional_text .= '</h3></a>';
    $additional_text .= '</div>';

 endwhile; else: 
    $additional_text="No Posts Sorry."; 
 endif; 

Then, when you call the function it’s going to get the variable as opposed to writing to the page.