Update WP option by plugin

That option is special in that WordPress has code to intercept your call for security reasons:

https://codex.wordpress.org/Function_Reference/update_option_new_admin_email

This function intercepts changes to the administrator’s email address. It keeps the address from being updated and instead sends the user a confirmation email, with a link to confirm the change.

What you’re trying to do could be easily abused, and any change of the administrators email should trigger notices as a basic security measure.

Luckily the documentation for that function also includes an example on how to bypass it