using Options Framework – can “theme-textdomain” domain be changed?

When you distribute a theme or plugin you should “own”* the code. If you need the framework as part of the theme then include it as part of your theme code and make any modification you require. Use a source version control tool like git to be able to rebase your changes when a newer version of the framework is available in the unlikely event that you decide that upgrading is worth your time.

*own – not necessarily in the legal way, but in having a deep understanding and control over every line of the code.